Chapter 528 Reform of the Criminal Law System night. Imperial Palace, Imperial Study Room. Zhu Yuanzhang summoned Liu Sanwu, a great scholar, and Kaiji, the Minister of Punishment. Zhu Yuanzhang was sitting on the dragon chair, with the papers in front of him filled with various documents and memorials. After Liu Sanwu and Kaiji paid their respects, they sat down respectively. Zhu Yuanzhang said to the two of them with an expectant expression: "Mr. Lin suggested reforming the criminal law system. We also believe that this is a problem that the Ming Dynasty must face. Now, we, the emperor and the ministers, will discuss together what are the shortcomings of the criminal law system of the Hongwu Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. It’s unreasonable and needs reform.” Kaiji, Shangshu of the Ministry of Punishment, was well aware of the importance of this discussion and said slightly nervously: "Your Majesty, the criminal law system is the maintainer of social order and is vital to the country... Although the criminal law system of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty was very advanced, But there are also some problems. For example, for officials who take bribes, according to the current system, even if the evidence of crime is conclusive, the punishment may not be able to fully punish the criminals. " "Master Kai is right." Bachelor Liu Sanwu smiled and echoed: "Your Majesty, another problem is that the criminal law is too harsh, which has caused many people to be afraid and dare not fulfill their obligations and responsibilities. This will lead to chaos in social order." ' Zhu Yuanzhang listened carefully to the two ministers expressing their opinions, and then after pondering for a moment, he said: "We all agree with your views. What reform measures should we take to deal with these problems?"

Kaiji thought for a moment and said: "Your Majesty, I think that first of all, we should re-examine the punishment of corrupt officials. Those officials who abuse their power and embezzle public property should be strictly held accountable. At the same time, we must also promote anti-corruption." It is gratifying to improve the corruption system and establish special agencies to combat corruption and bribery.” "What Mr. Kai said is absolutely true." Liu Sanwu continued: "In terms of criminal law, we can focus more on punishing serious crimes and protecting people's lives and property. For some minor violations, we can change the previous punishment methods. , adopt more methods such as education and reform.” Zhu Yuanzhang nodded in agreement after hearing this: "Your opinions are very pertinent. I have decided to order the reform of the criminal law system, establish a special anti-corruption agency, severely punish corrupt officials, and consider introducing more humanity into other crimes." The punishment focuses on correction and education, so that prisoners can become useful talents after returning to society. " Liu Sanwu and Kaiji were delighted after hearing Zhu Yuanzhang's words. They understood the importance of reforming the criminal law system for national stability and social development, and also knew that this was an opportunity to create history. Both of them were important ministers of the imperial court with lofty aspirations. They firmly believed that only by reforming the criminal law system could the Ming Dynasty truly realize the rule of law and the stability of the event. Next. Zhu Yuanzhang and the two ministers discussed the reform plan together all night. They continue to think and discuss from all aspects, striving to formulate a complete criminal law reform plan. Zhu Yuanzhang greatly admired the talents of Liu Sanwu and Kaiji. Their unique insights and in-depth thinking on criminal law reform made Zhu Yuanzhang more willing to listen to their opinions. As the sky grew brighter, the discussion between the monarch and his ministers ended. Zhu Yuanzhang decided to go to the Ministry of Punishment in person to discuss criminal law reform with relevant officials. He is well aware that reforming the criminal law system requires not only a comprehensive plan, but also extensive consultation and in-depth research. Therefore, accompanied by Liu Sanwu and Kaiji, Zhu Yuanzhang rushed to the Ministry of Punishment and convened officials at all levels and criminal law experts for a discussion. He listened carefully to everyone's opinions and offered his own ideas. Many officials from the Ministry of Criminal Justice spoke one after another and put forward some constructive opinions and suggestions. Everyone was extremely convinced of Zhu Yuanzhang's decision and expressed their full cooperation and promotion of the implementation of the criminal law reform. In the days that followed, Zhu Yuanzhang, with the close cooperation of Lin Che, formulated a series of regulations and measures to improve the penalty system. They convened some specialized legal talents and established a specialized agency to manage and reform the penal system, ensure fair trials, and protect the rights and interests of ordinary people. The establishment of this organization attracted widespread attention and discussion. People began to have new expectations and hopes for the Ming Dynasty's penal system, and they also praised Zhu Yuanzhang's reforms. After a period of reform, the Ming Dynasty's penalty system began to develop in a more fair and humane direction. The power of officials was restricted by the system. The trials of cases by Dali Temple officials in the Ministry of Punishment were more objective and fair, and the rights and interests of the people were better protected.

After Lin Che's proposal and Zhu Yuanzhang's promotion, the criminal law system during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty was substantially reformed, and society became more just and equal. …… this day. King Qin Zhu Xi put on his regular clothes, tidied up his clothes, and rushed to the Confucius Temple residence in high spirits. In the previous two days of lectures, Lin Che told him about physics, which greatly interested him. He was filled with desire for physics, hoping to learn this new knowledge from Lin Che. The rooms in the mansion are simply decorated, but filled with various books and experimental equipment. Zhu Xi walked into the study room and couldn't help but feel a sense of awe. Lin Che sat at the desk, looked at his student in front of him, smiled, and asked him what he knew about physics. Zhu Ming said blankly: "Student, I know nothing about physics. I hope to ask you about the mysterious things in it." Lin Che nodded and said with a smile: "Physics is a very interesting science. It studies the phenomena and laws of farming in nature. First, we have to start learning from the most basic substances. Do you know what the composition of all things is? ?” Zhu Xi shook his head in confusion, indicating that he had no idea at all. Lin Che continued: "All things are made up of tiny particles. These tiny particles are called atoms. Atoms are so tiny that we cannot see them with our naked eyes. However, we can understand their existence through some experiments and reasoning." Zhu Ping's eyes lit up, and he began to take a keen interest in what Lin Che was talking about. Lin Che continued to explain: "Atoms have mass and charge, and their movement and interaction determine the properties and behavior of matter. Physics The task is to study the laws of this movement and interaction.” Zhu Ping listened carefully. Lin Che picked up a book on the table and showed him the principles and results of some physical experiments. Zhu Ping was excited and eager to try it. He asked Lin Che for advice on how to conduct such experiments, and hoped to do it in person. Try it yourself. Lin Che shook her head and rejected him. Lin Che knew that as a person of this era, she did not have any foundation in physics. (End of this chapter)